They govern the accusative if there is a sense of motion the ablative if there is a sense of fixed state. In, super, sub, and subter - these four prepositions can govern either the accusative or ablative. (Usually this would be E Roma rather than Ex Roma - ex becomes e before a consonant). Roma is in the ablative case, since it follows ex. Romam is in the accusative case, since it follows ad. This means that the noun following on from one of them is in the case that is governed by the preposition. Latin prepositions govern either the accusative or ablative cases. For example, in English: in, through, over, below. Prepositions indicate the relation of a noun, adjective or pronoun to other words in the sentence. (Reference: Kennedy's Revised Latin Primer, s.185-189) Two expressions - nomen ejus (his name) and magni consilii angelus (the angel of great counsel) - are joined together by the copulative verb vocabitur (it will be called), and both expressions are in the nominative case. Vocabitur nomen ejus magni consilii angelus. Here, both Johannes (John) and prophetus magnus (great prophet) are in the nominative case.Īnother verb that is copulative in the same way is vocari - to be called. These verbs typically are expressing some sort of identity between the two expressions, and the most obvious is the verb 'to be'. Some verbs, called copulative verbs, join together two two expressions, both of which are in the nominative case. Most verbs have a subject, which appears in the nominative case, and possibly a direct object, which appears in the accusative case.
Here we have the perfect tense, indicating something that has been done. The verb facio/facere/feci/factum means to do or to make. This is the direct object of the verb fecit.įecit - he has done. Here the ending indicates plurality - wonderful things. The ending indicates accusative, to agree with the noun canticum which it modifies. Accusative case, as the direct object of the verb cantate. Dative case of Dominus, the Lord.Ĭanticum - a song. The verb is canto/cantare/cantavi/cantatum - I sing.ĭomino - to the Lord. See the grammatical note below.Ĭantate - Sing! The imperative plural, indicating a command given to several people. Strictly speaking, this isn't the object of the verb vocabitur, but its complement. The ending indicates the genitive case, for possession - of counsel.Īngelus - the Angel. The ending indicates the genitive case, to agree with Consilii, which it modifies.Ĭonsilii - of Counsel. The ending indicates future and passive voice - something that will happen in the future to the subject, his name. The changed ending indicates the accusative case, to follow super. Takes the the accusative here, since there is an indication of movement - the government is moving onto his shoulders. In Latin, it is often omitted, like it is here. In English we would put the verb 'is' in this position. It is passive because the subject has had something done to it - being given - rather than having done something. This is the perfect passive, indicating something that happened in the past. The verb is do/dare/dedi/datum - to give.
Subject of the verb datus est.ĭatus est - he has been given. Dative case, indicating something done for our benefit.įilius - A son. Here we have the perfect tense, indicating something that has happened in the past. Nascor/nasci/natus is the verb - to be born. Puer natus est nobis, et Filius datus est nobis cujus imperium super humerum ejus: et vocabitur nomen ejus magni Consilii Angelus. * Cantate Domino canticum novum, quia mirabilia fecit.Ī Child is born unto us, and a Son is given to us and the government is upon his Shoulder: and his name shall be called the Angel of the great Counsel. * Sing to the Lord a new Canticle, for he hath done wonderful things.
The second part is from the opening verse of Psalm 97. The first part is taken from the Book of Isaias chapter 9. Today's introit is taken from the third mass of Christmas (during the day).